Management of sedation during bronchoscopy.Methods to treat endobronchial bleeding during bronchoscopy including the limitations of these measures.Different routes to perform bronchoscopy (artificial airway, oral cavity, nasal cavity and during NIV).

Bronchoscopy technique including biopsy and lavage equipment.Principles of sedation management during bronchoscopy.Principles of patient preparation for bronchoscopy and evaluation prior to bronchoscopy.Indications, contraindications and risks of bronchoscopy and lavage.Diagnostic bronchoscopy including airway examination and bronchoalveolar lavage.Set up of the monitoring equipment for bronchoscopy.Selection and applying the appropriate ventilator settings to achieve optimal ventilator support and minimise the side effects of bronchoscopy.Selection and mounting of appropriate interface that allows bronchoscopy during NIV.Selection and application of appropriate topical and systemic medications for the procedure.Appropriate setting for bronchoscopy according to the patient’s condition.

Monitoring requirements for the procedure.

Indications for NIV during bronchoscopy.

Effects and side effects (risks and benefits) of bronchoscopy in secretion management (e.g.

Goals of bronchoscopy (therapeutic/diagnostic).

Different approaches to flexible bronchoscopy in spontaneously breathing patients and those on high-flow nasal therapy, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Dead space lung training